The ratio of the number of pupils or students (as of the beginning of the school year) at a given level of education (regardless of age) to the population (as of 31 December) in the age group defined as corresponding to this level of education.

Gross enrollment rate, e.g. for the primary school level, is calculated by dividing the number of all primary school students regardless of age at the beginning of the school year by the population aged 7-14 (age assigned to this level), as of 31 December of the same year; the result is given in percentage terms.